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INTRODUCTION
The Crusades were so called "holy wars" started by the Christians in Europe.the war was against the Muslims. The reason for the crusades between Christians and Muslims was Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem is and was of great significance to Christians. The Crusades started in 1095, when armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II's cry to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land.
The Crusades were so called "holy wars" started by the Christians in Europe.the war was against the Muslims. The reason for the crusades between Christians and Muslims was Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem is and was of great significance to Christians. The Crusades started in 1095, when armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II's cry to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land.
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THE FIRST CRUSADE (1096-1099)
The first crusade was the only crusade that was triumphant.the four armies of crusaders were created from troops of different Western European regions.these troops were commanded by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto with his nephew Tancred .they all decided to leave for Byzantium,an ancient city in August 1096. Raymond of Saint-Gilles commanded a group of volunteers from a region in southern France. Godfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin led a group of French and Germans from the Rhine lands, a region along the Rhine River in western Germany. Normandy a region in France sent Robert, William the Conqueror's eldest son into the war. The Normans from Italy and Sicily were led by Bohemond, and his nephew Tancred.
When the four main armies of Crusaders arrived in Constantinople (former capital of Turkey), Alexius insisted that their leaders swear a pledge of loyalty to him and recognize him as ruler over any land taken from the Turks(people from Turkey), as well as any other territory they might conquer. all leaders but Bohenmond refused to take the oath. In May 1097, the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked what is today known as turkey,and the Seljuk capital in Asia minor. The city surrendered to them in late June. Despite relationship rifts between the crusaders and Byzantine leaders, the combined force continued their march through Asia minor, capturing the Syrian city of Antioch in June 1098. After many struggles over control of Antioch, the crusaders began their march toward Jerusalem. Encamping outside of Jerusalem in June 1099, the crusaders forced the city's governor to surrender by mid-July. Despite Tancred's promise of protection, the crusaders killed hundreds of men, women and children during their entrance into the city.
The first crusade was the only crusade that was triumphant.the four armies of crusaders were created from troops of different Western European regions.these troops were commanded by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto with his nephew Tancred .they all decided to leave for Byzantium,an ancient city in August 1096. Raymond of Saint-Gilles commanded a group of volunteers from a region in southern France. Godfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin led a group of French and Germans from the Rhine lands, a region along the Rhine River in western Germany. Normandy a region in France sent Robert, William the Conqueror's eldest son into the war. The Normans from Italy and Sicily were led by Bohemond, and his nephew Tancred.
When the four main armies of Crusaders arrived in Constantinople (former capital of Turkey), Alexius insisted that their leaders swear a pledge of loyalty to him and recognize him as ruler over any land taken from the Turks(people from Turkey), as well as any other territory they might conquer. all leaders but Bohenmond refused to take the oath. In May 1097, the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked what is today known as turkey,and the Seljuk capital in Asia minor. The city surrendered to them in late June. Despite relationship rifts between the crusaders and Byzantine leaders, the combined force continued their march through Asia minor, capturing the Syrian city of Antioch in June 1098. After many struggles over control of Antioch, the crusaders began their march toward Jerusalem. Encamping outside of Jerusalem in June 1099, the crusaders forced the city's governor to surrender by mid-July. Despite Tancred's promise of protection, the crusaders killed hundreds of men, women and children during their entrance into the city.
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1147-1149 SECOND CRUSADE
After completing their mission so quickly the crusader's decided to start for home.they thought everything was fine untill 1130 when Muslim armies began to regain control in their own holy war or jihad against the Christians. In 1144, when the muslims, captured Edessa, leading to the loss of the most northern Crusader state. the crusaders wanted Edessa back.Led by two great rulers, King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany the second crusade started.they attacked Damascus but ended up losing to the Muslims.
After completing their mission so quickly the crusader's decided to start for home.they thought everything was fine untill 1130 when Muslim armies began to regain control in their own holy war or jihad against the Christians. In 1144, when the muslims, captured Edessa, leading to the loss of the most northern Crusader state. the crusaders wanted Edessa back.Led by two great rulers, King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany the second crusade started.they attacked Damascus but ended up losing to the Muslims.
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1189-1192 THIRD CRUSADE
Things weren't going so well for the crusaders.they were losing wars left and right.the deafets are what fired up the crusaders to start the third crusade.this time Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (who was not able to actualy participate in the battle in syria becuase he drowned at Anatolia before his entire army reached Syria), King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England decided to take the wheel.they commanded the third crusade. In September 1191, king Richard's forces succesfully defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf.sadly this was the only battlae won in the third crusade.During the wars of the third crusade all the kings ended up being unable to fight in the crusade in king Richard's hands.over the course of time King Richard and Saladin (rivals)became amiably toward each other leading up to a truce made bettween them that ended the third crusade.
Things weren't going so well for the crusaders.they were losing wars left and right.the deafets are what fired up the crusaders to start the third crusade.this time Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (who was not able to actualy participate in the battle in syria becuase he drowned at Anatolia before his entire army reached Syria), King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England decided to take the wheel.they commanded the third crusade. In September 1191, king Richard's forces succesfully defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf.sadly this was the only battlae won in the third crusade.During the wars of the third crusade all the kings ended up being unable to fight in the crusade in king Richard's hands.over the course of time King Richard and Saladin (rivals)became amiably toward each other leading up to a truce made bettween them that ended the third crusade.
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1202-1261 FOURTH CRUSADE
This time the crusaders decided to target the center of muslim power.Egypt.they never made it to this point.the crusaders ended up attacking Constantinople a christian state.the forth crusade went from a holy war to a political war.this all started with the crusaders going to Venice trying to succure transportation through the Mediterrian.the Venetians agreed to give them ships but only if they would attacked the christian city Zara.the the Venetians got the crusaders to attack Constantinpole another christian city.it was sad.they destroyed two of their own cities, in order to try to destroy the muslims who they never got to.
This time the crusaders decided to target the center of muslim power.Egypt.they never made it to this point.the crusaders ended up attacking Constantinople a christian state.the forth crusade went from a holy war to a political war.this all started with the crusaders going to Venice trying to succure transportation through the Mediterrian.the Venetians agreed to give them ships but only if they would attacked the christian city Zara.the the Venetians got the crusaders to attack Constantinpole another christian city.it was sad.they destroyed two of their own cities, in order to try to destroy the muslims who they never got to.
![Picture](/uploads/2/4/3/4/24349836/2031936.jpg)
THE PEOPLES CRUSADE
After Pope Urban II's cry to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land popular preachers started to promote the war and persuade people to start for Jerusalem. A monk named Peter the hermit awakened large parts of France with his passionate and persuasive speeches, as he rode from town to town, taking a huge cross with him and preaching to huge crowds. instead of waiting for the main crusaders to start the war, a group of poor men, women, and children set out, unorganized and almost without wepons, on the road to Jerusalem to start the war themselves. This was called the Peoples Crusade or the Peasants Crusade.Peter the hermit divided the command of the group with a poor knight, called Walter the Penniless. with a group of about 80,000 people ( the group was made up of many women and children) Peter and Walter set out for Constantinople leading the Peoples Crusade on land through Germany and Hungary.
Thousands of people in the Peoples Crusade got into a battle with the natives of Germany and Hungary. thousands more perished miserably due to hunger and exposure. The Peoples Crusade was horribly organized and most of the people were had no wepons and lacked the dicipline they needed. The emperor of Byzantium, emperor Alexius the first sent his angered allies as quickly as possible to Asia Minor, where most of the people in the People Crusade were killed by the Turks or people from turkey . Peter the Hermit did survive and eventually led the Crusaders in a march around the walls of Jerusalem just before the city was taken.
After Pope Urban II's cry to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land popular preachers started to promote the war and persuade people to start for Jerusalem. A monk named Peter the hermit awakened large parts of France with his passionate and persuasive speeches, as he rode from town to town, taking a huge cross with him and preaching to huge crowds. instead of waiting for the main crusaders to start the war, a group of poor men, women, and children set out, unorganized and almost without wepons, on the road to Jerusalem to start the war themselves. This was called the Peoples Crusade or the Peasants Crusade.Peter the hermit divided the command of the group with a poor knight, called Walter the Penniless. with a group of about 80,000 people ( the group was made up of many women and children) Peter and Walter set out for Constantinople leading the Peoples Crusade on land through Germany and Hungary.
Thousands of people in the Peoples Crusade got into a battle with the natives of Germany and Hungary. thousands more perished miserably due to hunger and exposure. The Peoples Crusade was horribly organized and most of the people were had no wepons and lacked the dicipline they needed. The emperor of Byzantium, emperor Alexius the first sent his angered allies as quickly as possible to Asia Minor, where most of the people in the People Crusade were killed by the Turks or people from turkey . Peter the Hermit did survive and eventually led the Crusaders in a march around the walls of Jerusalem just before the city was taken.